Tularemia

No current outbreak declared. 6 case(s) recorded in 2024 (historical). Zero-tolerance monitoring active — any confirmed case triggers an alert.

What is it?

Tularemia is caused by Francisella tularensis, one of the most infectious bacteria known — fewer than 10 organisms can cause disease. NYS had 6 cases in 2024. There are several forms depending on how infection occurs: ulceroglandular (most common — tick bite or animal contact), pneumonic (inhalation — most severe), and typhoidal (bloodstream). The bacteria is also classified as a potential bioterrorism agent.

How it spreads

Tick bites (primarily from dog ticks, lone star ticks, and wood ticks); handling infected animals, especially rabbits and hares; bites or scratches from infected animals; inhaling contaminated dust or aerosols; and drinking contaminated water. Not spread from person-to-person.

Symptoms

Ulceroglandular form (most common): a skin ulcer at the site of tick bite or animal contact, with swollen lymph nodes. Pneumonic form: chest pain, cough, and difficulty breathing. All forms: sudden fever, headache, fatigue, and muscle aches beginning 3–5 days after exposure.

Who is at risk?

Hunters, trappers, farmers, and outdoor workers who handle wild animals. Anyone bitten by ticks in areas where tularemia is present. Laboratory workers handling F. tularensis (requires biosafety level 3 containment).

What you can do

Any confirmed case in a county triggers an elevated alert. Updated manually when NYSDOH issues outbreak notifications.