Brucellosis

1 cases in 2024 (baseline: ~14). Low absolute count.

What is it?

Brucellosis is caused by Brucella bacteria and is one of the world's most common zoonotic infections, though rare in NYS (3 cases in 2024). Most US cases involve laboratory workers, veterinarians, abattoir workers, or people who traveled to countries where brucellosis is endemic and consumed unpasteurized dairy products. It can become a chronic, debilitating illness if not treated properly.

How it spreads

Spreads through direct contact with infected animals (cattle, swine, goats, sheep, dogs) or their products, especially consuming unpasteurized milk, cheese, or ice cream from affected animals. Laboratory workers can be infected through aerosols.

Symptoms

Undulating (coming and going) fever, sweating (especially at night), fatigue, weakness, joint pain, and muscle aches. Hepatitis, endocarditis, and skeletal infections can develop. Without treatment, illness can persist for months to years.

Who is at risk?

Veterinarians, farmers, abattoir workers, and laboratory personnel. Travelers who consume unpasteurized dairy in endemic regions (Middle East, Mediterranean, Latin America, Central Asia).

What you can do

Based on NYSDOH annual communicable disease report. Threat level reflects 2024 case counts compared to the 5-year baseline.